Tshawb nrhiav tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hlau ua npuas ncauj

Hlau ua npuas ncauj yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv hlau ntxeem tau uas tsim ntau ntau peb-dimensional spatial mesh cov qauv hauv cov hlau matrix, tseem hu ua porous hlau ua npuas ncauj, uas tau txais kev saib xyuas hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws vim nws cov khoom siv hlau ua ke thiab qee qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev. cov khoom ntawm nonmetals. Hauv 50 xyoo dhau los, tau muaj kev vam meej hauv kev tsim cov hlau ua npuas ncauj, kev txhim kho daim ntawv thov thiab kev kawm theoretical ntawm nws cov khoom siv.
Ua ke ntawm "ua npuas ncauj" thiab "hlau" ob lub ntsiab lus, peb tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis xav tias qhovhlau ua npuas ncaujCov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ob yam khoom no: khaws cov ductility zoo ntawm cov hlau, weldability thiab hluav taws xob conductivity tib lub sijhawm, nrog lub zog nqus thiab poob siab, txo cov suab nrov nrov, breathable thiab dej permeable, thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb zoo.
Cov khoom siv hlau ua npuas ncaujmuaj hlau pob txha pores, lub koom haum yog tsis tshua muaj inhomogeneous, thaum raug rau sab nraud siab, muaj peb deformation theem, namely, lub elastic deformation theem, nkig crushing theem thiab compact theem, yog li thaum cov hlau ua npuas ncauj cov khoom raug cuam tshuam, lub Cov kab mob yog obviously lagging qab qhov kev nyuab siab, nyob rau hauv lub stress-strain nkhaus muaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm lub toj siab cheeb tsam. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog nqus tau ntau lub zog, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntau dua, yog cov khoom siv nrog kev cuam tshuam zoo heev. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias qhov sib piv ceev ntawm 0.05 ~ 0.15 ntawm aluminium npuas tuaj yeem nqus tau lub zog ntawm 20 ~ 180 MJ / m2. Kev siv nws cov kev cuam tshuam zoo heev, kom covaluminium ua npuas ncaujtej zaum yuav siv los ua lub tsheb bumper, tsaws iav ntawm lub spaceship, lub elevator conveyor cushions kev ruaj ntseg cushions, ntau lub thawv ntim, nrog rau cov foob pob hluav taws thiab dav hlau cav, cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv. Hlau ua npuas ncauj yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug qhaub cij ntawm ob daim hlau rau poob siab absorbing thiab aesthetic hom phiaj.
Kev txheeb ze rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau, hlau ua npuas ncauj muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, nrog rau qee qhov kev txhawb nqa tus kheej thiab qhov zoo ntawm thaj chaw loj ntawm qhov chaw los muab qhov dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov chaw, porous foam electrode qauv tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov porosity. Lub electrode, uas tuaj yeem sau nrog ntau cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj, nce peev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tau zoo heev rau kev kawm ntawm lub zog loj, lub neej ntev, lub neej ntev roj teeb electrode cov ntaub ntawv muab tau. Yog li, hlau ua npuas ncauj ua ib qho khoom siv electrode zoo heev, uas yog tsim rau ntau hom roj teeb cia, roj hlwb, roj teeb cua thiab hnub ci hlwb.
Daim txhuam cevhlau ua npuas ncaujcov ntaub ntawv feem ntau muaj peb yam nram qab no nyob rau tib lub sij hawm: siab kub tsis kam, txawm tias qhov kub mus txog qhov melting point ntawm lub hauv paus alloy tsis yaj; tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj cov pob txha pob txha du thiab cov khoom sib xws, thiab cov hlau uas tsis yog ntxeem tau nrog roughly tib yam kub-resistant thiab anti-oxidation zog; Cov qauv qhib-pore muaj permeability. Cov khoom siv titanium ua npuas ncauj no, uas ua ke nrog cov kub kub ua haujlwm, oxidation tsis kam thiab permeability, tuaj yeem siv rau cov plua plav pom hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Cov qauv yog sib xws, qhov pore loj faib yog nqaim, thiab kev sib cais efficiency siab.