1. Dab tsi yog hlau ua npuas ncauj thiab txhuas ua npuas ncauj
Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov hlau foamed ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv engineering. Hlau ua npuas ncauj yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov qauv hlau uas muaj ntau lub qhov hws thiab muaj roj nrog cov qauv [2]. Lub qhov hws ntawm cov hlau ua npuas dej tuaj yeem sib cuam tshuam los yog kaw, thiab hu ua qhib-cell ua npuas ncauj thiab kaw-cell ua npuas ncauj, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2(a)(b) [3]. Ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv aluminium foamed tam sim no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua npuas ncauj hlau, vim nws cov porosity siab, tsis tshua muaj ntom, lub teeb yuag, siab zog, zoo compressibility, muaj zog cuam tshuam, zoo suab absorbing kev ua tau zoo, thiab zoo electromagnetic shielding kev ua tau zoo. Kev ua tau zoo heev, yog li hu ua "lub hnub qub hlau" [4], dav siv hauv lwm txoj hauv kev hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv aerospace engineering, kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb lub cev.
Daim duab 2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhuas foamed: (a) Qhib-cell aluminium foamed; (B) Kaw-cell aluminium ua npuas ncauj [3]
2. Lub discovery ntawm txhuas foamed
Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv xws li pob txha, ntoo, thiab pumice tau dav siv rau lub sijhawm ntev. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau txhawb nqa cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom xws li hlau ua npuas ncauj. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov tshuab foaming tam sim no tau siv txij li xyoo 1950, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm aluminium foamed tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau xyoo 1926, thaum Ma De Meller thawj zaug hais txog hlau foaming hauv Fabkis patent. Meller ib zaug qhia tias cov txheej txheem hlau foaming tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev qhia cov roj inert rau hauv cov hlau molten, los yog siv cov foaming agent xws li carbonate hauv cov hlau molten. Txawm hais tias qhov no tsuas yog patent raws li lub tswv yim, nws nteg lub hauv paus rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev tsim cov txhuas ua npuas ncauj. John C. Elliott txuas ntxiv tsim lub tswv yim no 20 xyoo tom qab, tsim ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Meller patent thiab nthuav qhia thawj cov khoom siv txhuas ua npuas ncauj, uas tau ua rau kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom hauv Nyiv xyoo 1990s. Kev tso tawm tau tso lub hauv paus [5].
3. Kev ua tau zoo thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm aluminium foamed
Aluminium foamed yog hlau nrog siab porosity thiab ntxeem tau qauv, nyob rau hauv uas lub kaw pores account rau li peb-quarters ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, ua rau cov khoom yog heev light [7]. Ntxiv rau cov yam ntxwv saum toj no, aluminium foamed kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm lub zog nqus thiab siab compressibility [7]. Hais txog qhov ntom ntom, cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom tias qhov ntom ntawm feem ntau ntawm txhuas foamed qauv yog li 0.4-1.2 g·cm-3 [6]. Tsis tas li ntawd, aluminium foamed kuj muaj suab nrov, recyclability thiab thermal conductivity tsawg [7].
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm daim ntawv thov, lub electromagnetic shielding, lub teeb yuag thiab absorptive zog ntawm txhuas ua npuas ncauj ua rau nws yog ib tug zoo tagnrho neeg sib tw rau cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv kev tswj nuclear fusion li, tsheb, aerospace thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam vim nws tsis kam mus rau huab cua puag ncig. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke, kaw-cell aluminium ua npuas ncauj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv zoo heev. Vim muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm cov pob txha pob txha aluminium, nws muaj thaj chaw loj loj thiab muaj peev xwm nqus tau thiab cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Ntau yam kev poob tshwm sim, xws li kev nqus poob, kev xav tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam, yog li ntawd aluminium foamed muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo electromagnetic shielding. Ntxiv mus, nws kuj tau pom tias electromagnetic shielding kev ua tau zoo ntawm foamed aluminium pom ib tug qauv ntawm thawj txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd nce nrog qhov nce ntawm electromagnetic yoj zaus [3]. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, foamed aluminium yog siv los ua qhov chaw cones lossis turbine qhov chaw. Vim tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm foamed aluminium, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv los txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau [7]. Thiab raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws, foamed aluminium yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv dav hlau buffers, vibration absorbers thiab hauv qab ntawm lub dav hlau rov qab lub tsev, kom lub dav hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav kev nyab xeeb tsaws thiab tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj thiab cov khoom siv hauv chaw. Los ntawm kev siv lub zog nqus tau zoo thiab kev poob siab, foamed aluminium tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj hauv qab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub dav hlau tsaws, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3 [8].
Daim duab 3. Txhim kho ib feem ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam-resistant bilge[8]
1 - daim tawv nqaij; 2-ua npuas ncauj aluminium stringers; 3- daim tawv nqaij qis
Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, foamed aluminium pab txo tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv cov thav duab, ua rau cov txheej txheem sib dhos ua haujlwm zoo dua, thiab thaum kawg pab txo cov nqi thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm [7]. Tam sim no, ua npuas ncauj aluminium yog siv los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo cov kab, kab teeb thiab qhov rooj kab teeb hauv tsheb lub cev hauv kev lag luam, raws li pom hauv daim duab 4 [9-10].
Daim duab 4. (a) yog ib daim duab ntawm ib feem ntawm lub zog absorbing qhov chaw ntawm lub cev tsheb;
(B) Schematic daim duab ntawm ua npuas ncauj aluminium anti-kev sib tsoo bar
Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm foamed aluminium yog kev tiv thaiv, hluav taws kub-resistant barrier kom tsis txhob muaj suab nrov heev. Daim ntawv thov raug kaw-cell aluminium npuas hauv architecture yog Shanghai SOHO Fuxing Plaza. Tus tsim qauv siv ntau qhov ua npuas ncauj aluminium los nqus thiab insulate suab, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 6 [11].
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm aluminium foamed yog suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Lub foamed aluminium khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv, yog li nws muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv kev lag luam ntau hnub no. Kev siv dav dav. Interestingly, aluminium foamed kuj yog ib qho khoom zoo rau ib puag ncig uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab yuav tsum tau siv ntau hauv kev lag luam yav tom ntej.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-30-2021
